The Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano was the first Christian basilica constructed in Rome (founded by Constantine in the 4th century) and it remains one of the most important in the Christian world. It is Rome's cathedral and the pope's seat as Bishop of Rome.

The Palazzo Laterano, which adjoins the basilica, was the papal residence until the pope moved to Avignon in the 14th century. The present building houses the Rome Vicariate and offices of the diocese of Rome.